Atoms Essays - Ernest Rutherford, Fellows Of The Royal Society

Atoms The evolution of the modern atom model took several years to evolved with contribution from different scientists. One of these scientists, the first to come up with a modern model of the atom is JJ Thomson. Thomson proposes that the structure of an atom is mainly a sphere. A sphere that is filled with positive electronic field and contains tiny particles that has a negative charge. He called the tiny particles ?corpuscles?. Thomson's model of the atom is often refer as the ?plum pudding? model because it has a consistency that is all the same throughout the whole atom with a few plums to represent the tiny corpuscles. Thomson's modern was widely accepted by people all over the world. It was such an amazing discovery that his model led to other amazing development of the modern model of the atom. Earnest Rutherford who was JJ Thomson's students, contributed greatly to the evolution of the modern model of an atom. Rutherford's Gold Foil experiment was supposed to support and better prove that Thomson's model of an atom was correct. Instead, Rutherford discovered the existence of a nucleus in an atom. The Gold Foil experiment had three founding; all were expected except for one. Rutherford found that a very few alpha particles (1 out of 8000) was deflected by more than 90?. This founding proves that at the center of the atom was a super dense nucleus and totally destroys the Thomson model. Rutherford's model of the atom wasn't as widely accepted as Thomson's model because there were still few people who support the Thomson model no matter what. Science

Pmo Research Essay

Pmo Research Essay Pmo Research Essay QM Summative Assignment: (Q1): Below are the 30 observations and the log returns for my three chosen stocks: G4S, GKN and GLAXOSMITHKINE. Below is the logarithmic returns formula: rLOG = (Final amount of investment / Initial amount of investment) * 100 G4S - PRICE INDEX GKN - PRICE INDEX GLAXOS- PRICE INDEX 871674(PI) Log Return 900754(PI) Log Return 900479(PI) Log Return 264.5 1208 64980.3 284.6 0.073243434 964 -0.225630084 58890.7 -0.098400964 278 -0.023463572 1011 0.047603924 56365.7 -0.043822366 208.9 -0.285765445 968.3 -0.043153262 66651.1 0.167610733 211 0.010002465 1100.2 0.127705304 73557.6 0.098597222 197.4 -0.066626006 1142.4 0.037639331 70178.6 -0.047025352 224.6 0.129088915 1044.5 -0.089593011 71552.4 0.019386627 204 -0.096201048 1058.7 0.013503438 71366.8 -0.002597273 232.8 0.132059722 1108.9 0.046326793 73557.6 0.030235998 230.3 -0.010796909 835.7 -0.282854115 76045.4 0.033261758 235.3 0.021478489 978.8 0.158057635 73669 -0.031748444 227 -0.035911278 951.6 -0.028182553 76379.6 0.036133558 257.1 0.124515097 876 -0.082778687 70178.6 -0.084672224 256.6 -0.001946662 1029.6 0.161559565 66651.1 -0.051571871 273.9 0.065244624 997.4 -0.031773763 70735.6 0.059477432 252.5 -0.081351828 895.2 -0.108104736 68359.1 -0.03417429 274.7 0.084268344 934.8 0.043285446 68581.9 0.003253959 296.1 0.075017642 923.7 -0.011945259 70995.5 0.034587843 271.5 -0.086735096 845 -0.089050716 74263.1 0.044997698 286.3 0.053078073 880.9 0.041607485 75265.6 0.013408998 262.4 -0.087170155 872.8 -0.009237678 67876.5 -0.103333314 192.5 -0.309773903 776.6 -0.116781017 71292.6 0.049102658 167.8 -0.13732336 751.8 -0.032455086 68693.4 -0.03713941 171.1 0.019475387 790.7 0.050448298 65351.5 -0.049872732 193.3 0.121995205 749.7 -0.053245503 63977.7 -0.021245808 200.7 0.03756787 771.6 0.028793155 62715.2 -0.019930743 217.2 0.079007332 831.8 0.075125746 64014.8 0.020510464 200.7 -0.079007332 976 0.159870559 61415.6 -0.041450432 204.8 0.020222637 908.1 -0.072108082 61638.4 0.003621178 214.3 0.045343009 945.6 0.040465142 52132.7 -0.167492662 These log returns can then be used to calculate the descriptive statistics. Through inputting the data into Excel, the data is provided. Descriptive Statistics: Statistic Name: G4S Name: GKN Name: GLAXO SMITH KINE Time Period: Start – 31/12/1999 End – 31/05/2002 Mean -0.007257391 -0.008444887 -0.007596267 Standard Error 0.020441715 0.019323072 0.012188405 Median 0.019475387 -0.009237678 - 0.002597273 Mode #N/A #N/A #N/A Standard deviation 0.110082005 0.104057928 0.065636568 Sample variance 0.012118048 0.010828052 0.004308159 Kurtosis 1.611338969 0.849653662 1.361266742 Skewness -1.182990353 -0.564157907 0.135248479 Range 0.441833625 0.44441368 0.335103395 Minimum -0.309773903 -0.282854115 - 0.167492662 Maximum 0.132059722 0.161559565 0.167610733 Sum -0.210464349 -0.244901732 - 0.220291756 Count 29 29 29 Analysis of statistics: By examining the derived results, we can come to the following conclusions: The scale of difference between the stocks was differing. G4S’ mean return was -0.0073 whilst GKN’s was -0.0084 and GLAXOSMITHKINE’s was -0.0076. We can see that whilst G4S and GLAXOSMITHKINE were close, GKN’s differed greatly. The median indicates over half of